Hyaluronic acid is also a major component of skin, where it is involved in repairing tissue. Their related activity could be involved in regulating the sliding ability between adjacent muscular connective tissues. A particular type of fibroblasts, embedded in dense fascial tissues, has been proposed as being cells specialized for the biosynthesis of the hyaluronan-rich matrix. Ī lubricating role of hyaluronan in muscular connective tissues to enhance the sliding between adjacent tissue layers has been suggested. The molecular weight (size) of hyaluronan in cartilage decreases with age, but the amount increases. These aggregates imbibe water and are responsible for the resilience of cartilage (its resistance to compression). When aggrecan monomers bind to hyaluronan in the presence of HAPLN1 (hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan link protein 1), large, highly negatively charged aggregates form. ![]() Hyaluronic acid is an important component of articular cartilage, where it is present as a coat around each cell ( chondrocyte). Along with lubricin, it is one of the fluid's main lubricating components. ![]() For example, hyaluronic acid is a major component of the synovial fluid and was found to increase the viscosity of the fluid. Until the late 1970s, hyaluronic acid was described as a " goo" molecule, a ubiquitous carbohydrate polymer that is part of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronic acid is also a component of the group A streptococcal extracellular capsule, and is believed to play a role in virulence. Īs one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix, it contributes significantly to cell proliferation and migration, and is involved in the progression of many malignant tumors. ![]() The average 70 kg (150 lb) person has roughly 15 grams of hyaluronan in the body, one third of which is turned over (i.e., degraded and synthesized) per day. It is unique among glycosaminoglycans as it is non-sulfated, forms in the plasma membrane instead of the Golgi apparatus, and can be very large: human synovial HA averages about 7 million Da per molecule, or about 20,000 disaccharide monomers, while other sources mention 3–4 million Da. ə l j ʊəˈr ɒ n ɪ k/ abbreviated HA conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.
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